Packing and process of making same.



Wx B.. HAGGART.

PACKING AND PROCESS 0F MAKING SAME. APPLICATION FILED JUNB4,1913.

1.076,282. Patented Oct. 21k, 1913.

F/s. F/G. 2.

I c OZ "UNITEB STATES WILLIAM R. ILAGGART, OF PHILADELPHIA,PENNSYLVANIA.

PACKING AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAME.

T0 all 'whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, VILLIAM R. HAGGART, a citizen of the Unit-ed States,residing at Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, and State ofPennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Packing andProcesses of Making Same, of which the following is a full, clear, andexact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,which form a part of this specilication.

rlhe object of the invention is to provide a packing for pist-on rodsand other parts of machines and engines which require a tight jointagainst the passage of steam, water, oil, gas and air. To meet all therequirements of such a packing, it should possess the followingcharacteristics: It should have the utmost elasticity to permit itto bereadA ily applied and to cause it to either eompress or expand generallyor locally to adapt ltselt' to Athe conditions required to make` a tightjoint. It should retain this quality of elasticity for the maximumlength ot time. It should be so constructed that in all possibledirect-ions in which itl may be bent by the engineer or workmenpreliminary to its application to the st-ufling box, it. will present tothe contacting parts of the machinery the saine kind of wearing surfaceand the same kind and degree oit' elasticity; therefore it should alsobc capable of being removed from the stelling box and bent in theseveral different directions in which it is capable of being bent andreappliedA to the stalling box in order to prolong its etlicient life toits maximum: in other words, it. should be s vn'imetrical both instructure and with respectto the lines of greatest elasticity andresistance, and should be capable of expanding, coi'npressing, andresisting wear, equally in four directions. It should be capable ofbeing manufactured with the least possible labor and without waste ofmaterial.

My invention consists in a packing which embodies the abovecharacteristics and in the process of making the packing. The same maybe fully 'understood by reference to the following description inconnection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure l is a transverse sectional 'view of a packing strip in the formof a roll but before being cut and formed into a packing embodying myinvention. Fig. 2 1s a similar vlew showing the partially completedSpecication of Letters Patent.

Application filed June 4,

Patented oct. 21, 1913. 1913. Serial No. 771,573.

packing` formed by cutting sections from the roll shown in Fig. l. Fig.3 is a similar view of`one form of core .that may be applied to thepacking of Fig. 2 to produce the finished packing. Fig. 4 is a.perspective view of a section of the finished packing. I

The packing belongs to that class ofv packternate layers of textilefibrous material and rubber or cement. In manufacturing the packing 1take a sheet of textile fibrous material, as, for example, asbestos, orWoven or knitted cotton, linen, canvas or duck, a, and apply thereto acoating of rubber or cement b. The compound sheet is then wound spirallyto form a cylindrical roll, similar' to that shown in Fig. 1, of adialneter substantially equal to the thickness of the packing designedto be ultimately formed. The roll, after being partly vulcanized, isthen cut, in the direction of its length, and on radial lines, into foursections c, d, e, I, ot' equal size, thus forming four strips eachhaving the shape in crosssectiou of a sectorsubtending an arc of ninetydegrees. That is, each strip has the shape in cross-section of a mixedtriangle whose two straightvsides extend at right angles one to theother and whose third side isA curved. The oir sections are afterwardassembled to torni a perfectly square packing with a hollow interior,g,'extending through the axis of the packing, formed bythe opposingconvexly kcurved faces of that/.iur sections. lithin this hollowinterior 1s 1nserted a core of any desired Iform substantially fillingthe space'between the sections. lf desired, the four sections may begrouped around the core in the first instance.

I prefer to employ a core of rubber or other elastic material. and Iprefer to make this core hollow throughout its length. Such a core.marked z, is shown separately in Fig. 3. The. packing, after thesections c., .7. and t' and the coreY ,7i have been assenr bledtogether, is compressed and` vulcanized inthe manner well known in theart, there by forming a iinishcd product, thecomponent parts ot whichare securely and permanently united.' Q

A packing of the coi'istrurtion described made by the process describedpio. sses a maximum degree ot elasticity and is. capable of expansionand compression in. all of the four directions in which it is .lesirablethat ing, well known in the art, composed of al a rectangular sectionedpacking should be capable of yielding. Further, its elastic capacity isprecisely equal in all four directions. These qualities enable thepacking to be bent or curved, for application to tlie stuffing box, inany one of four directions and to perform its desired functions withequal efficiency no matter in which. direction it is bent. There istherefore no possibility, as with many packings, of the engineerimproperly preparing the packing for use. Further, the packing, afterprolonged use, may be removed, bent in a different direction, andreplaced, and it will have practically the etliciency` of a new packing.It should be further noted that the packing on all faces presents awearing surface intersecting, and substantially at right angles to, thelayers of fibrous material and rubber, thereby presenting to the part orparts of the machinery With which the wearing face or faces contact asurface Which has a maximum resistance to Wear.

An important feature of the packing is its cheapness of manufacture. Notype of packing formed of alternate layers of fibrous material andrubber can be more expeditiously and economically manufactured than thatformed by rollinv the rubber coated fibrous sheets into a roll. a simpleone and there is absolutely no Waste. This has been heretofore done andsuch a roll has been compressed into a square form in cross-section. Buta acking so formed possesses inferior elasticity and inferior wearingqualities, as will be readily understood. In manufacturing my packing,the advantages above mentioned are retained, the forming of the rollbeing effected easily and expeditiously and with absolutely no Waste.The only additional operation is the cutting of the rolllongitudinallyinto four equal sections and the'assemblage together ofthese sections around a core. This operation, also, involves no Wasteand may be easily and quickly carried out. The resultant final productpossesses all the advantages, and in a much superior degree, of thosepackings, heretofore known in the art, in which the edges of thecompound fabric and rubber layers extend angularly to the surfaces ofthe packing, but Without. the complications of manufacture, andparticularly Without the Waste of material, that is involved in themanufacture of such packings. Another' pronounced advantage of myimproved packing is that in Whatever position the Wearing surfacethereof may be applied to a reciprocatory part `it will offer the samefrictional resistance thereto in every direction. v

lVhile in the finished packing the corner sections present, with only aminor degree of distortion, tbe forni, in cross-section, of a quarter ofa circle, it will be understood that The operation is the ideal form ofthe concealed curved sides of the sections or the strict parallelism ofthe layers to this ideal curved form.

I Having now fully described my invention, what I claim-and desire toprotect by Letters Patent is:

1. A packing rectangular in cross section and composed of four sectionseach of which constitutes in cross-section a sector of a substantiallycircular roll cut longitudinally on four radial lines subtending arcs ofsubstantially ninety degrees, said sections being united together withthe straight sides of adjacent sections in alinement and the angularcorners of the several sections at the several corners of the packing.

2. A packing rectangular in cross-section and composed of four sectionsunited together each of approximately the shape in cross section of amixed triangle whose straight sides extend at right angles to each otherand form substantiall one half of the adjacent surfaces of two adjacentouter sides of the packin and Whose curved side extends Within t epacking body between said two adjacent sides, the middle portion of eachsection composed of layers of fabric and rubber extending in theirection of its curved side and angularly to its outer straight sides.

3. A packing rectangular in cross-section and composed of four sectionseach of which constitutes a Wedge-shaped quarter section of a spiralroll of fabric coated with rubber, said sections being united togetherWith the rectangular corners of the Several sections forming the severalcorners of the packing and with the straight sides of adjacent sectionsin alinement.

4. A packing comprising four similarly shaped sections, composed oflayers of fabric and rubber, adapted if separated to be fitted togetherto form a strip substantially circular in cross section with the layersextending approximately concentric to the axis of the circle, salad.sections in the finished packing being united together with their curvedsurfaces Within the body of the packing and their eight strai ht sidesforming the four sides of the pac ing.

5. A packing comprising layers of fabric vand rubber, said layers beingarranged in four united groups to form a packingrectangular incross-section, the opposite edges of the layers of each groupterminating along` adjacent halves of adjacent sides.

6. A packing rectangular-shaped in crossand hav-ing a curved sideextendi section and comprising layers of fabric and rubber, each ofwhich layers extends approximately in the form of an arc ofa circleWhose center is the nearest corner, said layers adjacent to their edgesextending at approximately right angles to the nearest sides of thepacklng. j

7. A packing rectangular in cross section v and composed of a pluralityof sections each of which constitutes in cross-section a part of asubstantially circular roll, said sections being united together withtheir straight sides formin the outer wall of the packing, and theircurved sides concealed within the packing. p

8. A rectangular shaped packing comprising four corner sections composedof ayers of fabric and rubber, each sectioja having two straight sidesextending at an angle to the adjacent edge portions of the layers ofwhich the section is composed and forming substantially the two adjacenthalves of two adjacent sides of the packing within the body of thepacking between said two adjacent sides and in the directionoffextension of said layers, and a longitudinally extending core in thespace between the curved sides of the corner sections, said sections andcore being secured together.

9. A rectangular shaped packing comprising four corner sections composedof ayers of fabric and rubber, each section having two straight sidesextending at an angle to the adjacent edge portions of the layers ofwhich the section is composed and forming substantially the two adjacenthalves of two adjacent sides of the packing and having a curved sideextending within the body of the packing between said two adjacent sidesand in the direction of extension of said layers, and a longitudinallyextending flexible core, having a central longitudinally extendingorifice, and filling the space between the sections and securely unitedthereto.

10. The process of making'packing of rectangular shape in cross-section,which consists in rolling sheets of rubber coated fabric to form stripscircular in cross-section, cutting each strip on radial lines to formfour similar quarter sections, and unitin four of said quarter sectionsto ether wit their four curved sides oppose and their eight straightsides forming the four outer straight sides ot the packing.

11. The process of making packing of rectangular shape in cross-section,which consists in rolling` sheets of rubber coated fabric to form stripscircular in cross-section, cutting each strip on radial lines to formfour similar quarter sections, `assembling four of said sections arounda flexible core with their curved sides against the core and thestraight sides forming the outer faces of the packing adjacent to therespective corners, and compressing and securely uniting together saidsections and the core.

12. The process of making packing of rectangular shape in cross section,which consists in rolling sheets of rubber coated fabric to form stripscircular in cross-section, partly Vulcanizing said strips, cutting eachstrip on radial lines to form four similar quarter sections, assembiingfour of said sections around a flexible core with their straight sidesforming the sides of the packing and their curved sides against thecore, and securely uniting said core and sections by compression andvulcanization.

In testimony of which invention, I have hereunto set my hand, atPhiladelphia, on this 2nd day of June, 1913..

WILLIAM R. HAGGARU Yitnesscs E. E. JWALL, M. M. HAMILTON.

